ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.

Attack Vector Network

Attack Complexity Low

Privileges Required None

Attack Requirements None

User Interaction None

Vulnerable System Confidentiality Impact High

Vulnerable System Integrity Impact High

Vulnerable System Availability Impact None

Subsequent System Confidentiality Impact None

Subsequent System Integrity Impact None

Subsequent System Availability Impact None

Attack Vector Network

Attack Complexity Low

Privileges Required None

Scope Unchanged

Confidentiality Impact High

Integrity Impact High

Availability Impact High

User Interaction None

No CVSS v3.0

No CVSS v2

This CVE is not in the KEV list.

The EPSS score is 0.13848.

Exploitation poc

Automatable yes

Technical Impact total

Default status is the baseline for the product, each version can override it (e.g. patched versions marked unaffected).

Vendor Product Default status Versions
SAML-Toolkits ruby-saml affected
Version Status Constraints
< 1.12.4 affected —
>= 1.13.0, < 1.18.0 affected —

Configuration 1 [-]

OR cpe:2.3:a:omniauth:omniauth_saml:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:omniauth:omniauth_saml:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:omniauth:omniauth_saml:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

Configuration 2 [-]

cpe:2.3:a:netapp:storagegrid:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

No data.

No data.

Project Subscriptions

Vendors Products
Netapp Subscribe
Storagegrid Subscribe
Omniauth Subscribe
Omniauth Saml Subscribe
Onelogin Subscribe
Ruby-saml Subscribe
Advisories
Source ID Title
Debian DLA Debian DLA DLA-4115-1 ruby-saml security update
Github GHSA Github GHSA GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm Ruby SAML allows a SAML authentication bypass due to DOCTYPE handling (parser differential)
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-7409-1 RubySAML vulnerabilities
Fixes

Solution

No solution given by the vendor.

Workaround

No workaround given by the vendor.

References
Link Providers
https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released cve-icon cve-icon
https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials cve-icon cve-icon
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9 cve-icon cve-icon
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97 cve-icon cve-icon
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4 cve-icon cve-icon
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0 cve-icon cve-icon
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm cve-icon cve-icon
https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv cve-icon cve-icon
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00011.html cve-icon
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519 cve-icon
https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins cve-icon cve-icon
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0010/ cve-icon
https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2024-329_GHSL-2024-330_ruby-saml cve-icon cve-icon
History

Mon, 03 Nov 2025 20:30:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
References

Fri, 12 Sep 2025 19:15:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
References

Fri, 01 Aug 2025 19:00:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
First Time appeared Netapp
Netapp storagegrid
Omniauth
Omniauth omniauth Saml
Onelogin
Onelogin ruby-saml
CPEs cpe:2.3:a:netapp:storagegrid:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:omniauth:omniauth_saml:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Vendors & Products Netapp
Netapp storagegrid
Omniauth
Omniauth omniauth Saml
Onelogin
Onelogin ruby-saml
Metrics cvssV3_1

{'score': 9.8, 'vector': 'CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H'}

Sat, 12 Jul 2025 13:45:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
Metrics epss

{'score': 0.01703}

 epss

{'score': 0.02296}

Thu, 03 Apr 2025 20:15:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
Metrics ssvc

{'options': {'Automatable': 'yes', 'Exploitation': 'none', 'Technical Impact': 'total'}, 'version': '2.0.3'}

 ssvc

{'options': {'Automatable': 'yes', 'Exploitation': 'poc', 'Technical Impact': 'total'}, 'version': '2.0.3'}

Thu, 20 Mar 2025 13:45:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
References
Metrics cvssV4_0

{'score': 8.8, 'vector': 'CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P'}

 cvssV4_0

{'score': 9.3, 'vector': 'CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N'}

Mon, 17 Mar 2025 18:15:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
Metrics ssvc

{'options': {'Automatable': 'yes', 'Exploitation': 'none', 'Technical Impact': 'partial'}, 'version': '2.0.3'}

 ssvc

{'options': {'Automatable': 'yes', 'Exploitation': 'none', 'Technical Impact': 'total'}, 'version': '2.0.3'}

Sat, 15 Mar 2025 21:45:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
References

Fri, 14 Mar 2025 10:45:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
References

Wed, 12 Mar 2025 21:45:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
References
Metrics cvssV4_0

{'score': 8, 'vector': 'CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U'}

 cvssV4_0

{'score': 8.8, 'vector': 'CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P'}

Wed, 12 Mar 2025 21:15:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
Metrics ssvc

{'options': {'Automatable': 'yes', 'Exploitation': 'none', 'Technical Impact': 'partial'}, 'version': '2.0.3'}

Wed, 12 Mar 2025 21:00:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
References

Wed, 12 Mar 2025 20:45:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
Weaknesses CWE-436

Wed, 12 Mar 2025 20:30:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
Description ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.
Title ruby-saml vulnerable to SAML authentication bypass due to DOCTYPE handling (parser differential)
Weaknesses CWE-347
References
Metrics cvssV4_0

{'score': 8, 'vector': 'CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U'}

Projects

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cve-icon MITRE

Status: PUBLISHED

Assigner: GitHub_M

Published:

Updated: 2025-11-03T19:44:59.719Z

Reserved: 2025-02-06T17:13:33.122Z

Link: CVE-2025-25291

cve-icon Vulnrichment

Updated: 2025-03-15T20:47:03.479Z

cve-icon NVD

Status : Modified

Published: 2025-03-12T21:15:42.000

Modified: 2025-11-03T20:17:58.333

Link: CVE-2025-25291

cve-icon Redhat

No data.

cve-icon OpenCVE Enrichment

No data.

Weaknesses