In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

s390/vmem: split pages when debug pagealloc is enabled

Since commit bb1520d581a3 ("s390/mm: start kernel with DAT enabled")
the kernel crashes early during boot when debug pagealloc is enabled:

mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
addressing exception: 0005 ilc:2 [#1] SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
Modules linked in:
CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper Not tainted 6.5.0-rc3-09759-gc5666c912155 #630
[..]
Krnl Code: 00000000001325f6: ec5600248064 cgrj %r5,%r6,8,000000000013263e
00000000001325fc: eb880002000c srlg %r8,%r8,2
#0000000000132602: b2210051 ipte %r5,%r1,%r0,0
>0000000000132606: b90400d1 lgr %r13,%r1
000000000013260a: 41605008 la %r6,8(%r5)
000000000013260e: a7db1000 aghi %r13,4096
0000000000132612: b221006d ipte %r6,%r13,%r0,0
0000000000132616: e3d0d0000171 lay %r13,4096(%r13)

Call Trace:
__kernel_map_pages+0x14e/0x320
__free_pages_ok+0x23a/0x5a8)
free_low_memory_core_early+0x214/0x2c8
memblock_free_all+0x28/0x58
mem_init+0xb6/0x228
mm_core_init+0xb6/0x3b0
start_kernel+0x1d2/0x5a8
startup_continue+0x36/0x40
Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception: panic_on_oops

This is caused by using large mappings on machines with EDAT1/EDAT2. Add
the code to split the mappings into 4k pages if debug pagealloc is enabled
by CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC_ENABLE_DEFAULT or the debug_pagealloc kernel
command line option.

No CVSS v4.0

Attack Vector Local

Attack Complexity High

Privileges Required Low

Scope Unchanged

Confidentiality Impact High

Integrity Impact High

Availability Impact High

User Interaction None

No CVSS v3.0

No CVSS v2

This CVE is not in the KEV list.

The EPSS score is 0.00026.

Key SSVC decision points have not yet been added.

Default status is the baseline for the product, each version can override it (e.g. patched versions marked unaffected).

Vendor Product Default status Versions
Linux Linux unaffected
Version Status Constraints
bb1520d581a3a46e2d6e12bb74604ace33404de5 affected < 601e467e29a960f7ab7ec4075afc6a68c3532a65
bb1520d581a3a46e2d6e12bb74604ace33404de5 affected < edc1e4b6e26536868ef819a735e04a5b32c10589
Linux Linux affected
Version Status Constraints
6.3 affected —
0 unaffected < 6.3
6.4.10 unaffected ≤ 6.4.*
6.5 unaffected ≤ *

No data.

No data.

No data.

Project Subscriptions

Vendors Products
Linux Subscribe
Linux Kernel Subscribe
Advisories

No advisories yet.

Fixes

Solution

No solution given by the vendor.

Workaround

No workaround given by the vendor.

References
Link Providers
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/601e467e29a960f7ab7ec4075afc6a68c3532a65 cve-icon cve-icon
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/edc1e4b6e26536868ef819a735e04a5b32c10589 cve-icon cve-icon
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025123003-CVE-2023-54278-d4b2@gregkh/T cve-icon
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-54278 cve-icon
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-54278 cve-icon
History

Wed, 31 Dec 2025 12:15:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
References
Metrics threat_severity

None

 cvssV3_1

{'score': 7.0, 'vector': 'CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H'}

threat_severity

Moderate

Tue, 30 Dec 2025 12:30:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
Description In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: s390/vmem: split pages when debug pagealloc is enabled Since commit bb1520d581a3 ("s390/mm: start kernel with DAT enabled") the kernel crashes early during boot when debug pagealloc is enabled: mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off addressing exception: 0005 ilc:2 [#1] SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC Modules linked in: CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper Not tainted 6.5.0-rc3-09759-gc5666c912155 #630 [..] Krnl Code: 00000000001325f6: ec5600248064 cgrj %r5,%r6,8,000000000013263e 00000000001325fc: eb880002000c srlg %r8,%r8,2 #0000000000132602: b2210051 ipte %r5,%r1,%r0,0 >0000000000132606: b90400d1 lgr %r13,%r1 000000000013260a: 41605008 la %r6,8(%r5) 000000000013260e: a7db1000 aghi %r13,4096 0000000000132612: b221006d ipte %r6,%r13,%r0,0 0000000000132616: e3d0d0000171 lay %r13,4096(%r13) Call Trace: __kernel_map_pages+0x14e/0x320 __free_pages_ok+0x23a/0x5a8) free_low_memory_core_early+0x214/0x2c8 memblock_free_all+0x28/0x58 mem_init+0xb6/0x228 mm_core_init+0xb6/0x3b0 start_kernel+0x1d2/0x5a8 startup_continue+0x36/0x40 Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception: panic_on_oops This is caused by using large mappings on machines with EDAT1/EDAT2. Add the code to split the mappings into 4k pages if debug pagealloc is enabled by CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC_ENABLE_DEFAULT or the debug_pagealloc kernel command line option.
Title s390/vmem: split pages when debug pagealloc is enabled
First Time appeared Linux
Linux linux Kernel
CPEs cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Vendors & Products Linux
Linux linux Kernel
References

Projects

Sign in to view the affected projects.

cve-icon MITRE

Status: PUBLISHED

Assigner: Linux

Published:

Updated: 2025-12-30T12:16:06.350Z

Reserved: 2025-12-30T12:06:44.524Z

Link: CVE-2023-54278

cve-icon Vulnrichment

No data.

cve-icon NVD

Status : Awaiting Analysis

Published: 2025-12-30T13:16:16.757

Modified: 2025-12-31T20:42:43.210

Link: CVE-2023-54278

cve-icon Redhat

Severity : Moderate

Publid Date: 2025-12-30T00:00:00Z

Links: CVE-2023-54278 - Bugzilla

cve-icon OpenCVE Enrichment

No data.

Weaknesses

No weakness.